Shun (舜)
Alternative Names (異名):
舜, Shun
Shun (traditional Chinese: 舜) was a legendary 23rd-22nd century BC leader of ancient China, among the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors, whose half-century of rule was one of the longest in Chinese history. According to Mencius, Shun is a Dongyi.
Born Yao Chonghua (姚重華), he was also known as Youyu-shi (有虞氏), the Great Shun (大舜) or Yu Shun (虞舜). He received the mantle of leadership from Emperor Yao at the age of 53 and died at 100, after relinquishing the seat of power to Yu, who founded the legendary Xia Dynasty. Shun's capital was at Puban (蒲阪) (presently in Shanxi).
In later centuries, Yao and Shun were glorified for their virtue by Confucian philosophers. Shun was particularly renowned for his modesty and filial piety (xiao 孝).
The name of Shun's mother was Wudeng(握登), and his birthplace was Yaoxu (姚墟). Legend has it that he was treated with hostility and jealousy by his parents and younger brother, yet he remained loving, resentment-free towards them.
Emperor Yao chose Shun as his successor and put him on the throne in the year of Jiwei (己未). Yao's capital was in Ji (冀) which, presently, is also in Shanxi province.
Shun is also renowned as the originator of the music called Daoshao (大韶), a symphony of nine Chinese music instruments.
Events of Shun's regime
In the 3rd year of his regime, he ordered Jiutao (咎陶) to establish penalties to deal with various criminals.
In the 9th year of his regime, the West Queen came to worship in China and brought white jade rings and Jue (玦) as gifts.
In the 14th year of his regime, Yu of Xia was appointed to manage disasters caused by floods and winds.
In the 15th year of his regime, he appointed Houshi (后氏) to build the palace.
In February of the 17th year, dancing was first taught at schools.
In the 25th year of his regime, envoy of the Xishen (息慎) tribe came and, as gifts, brought the bow and arrow.
In the 29th year, he ordered Ziyi (子义) to serve as duke in Shang.
In the 30th year of his regime, his wife Mang (盲) died and was honored with a tomb built for her at Wei (渭).
In the 32nd year of his regime, he transferred military power to Yu of Xia.
In January of the 33rd year of his regime, he rewarded Yu of Xia for his achievement in managing the floods, in the aftermath of which, nine provinces were re-established in China.
In the 35th year of his regime, he ordered Yu of Xia to send troops to Youmiao (有苗). After Yu achieved victory, Youmiao sent an envoy with a request to join China.
In the 42nd year of his regime, the Xuandu (玄都) people came to worship him and brought precious jade as gifts.
The winter of the 47th year of his regime was very warm and the grass did not die.
In the 49th year of his regime, he moved to Mintiao (鸣条), a place later called Haizhou (海州) during the Warring States Period.
His death came the following year, after a rule described as having lasted fifty years.
See also
Pangu (盤古)
Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
Youchao (有巢)
Nüwa (女媧)
Suiren (燧人)
Fu Xi (伏羲) 2800 BC – 2737 BC
Shennong (神農) 2737 BC – 2698 BC
Huangdi (黄帝, Yellow Emperor) 2697 BC – 2598 BC
Shaohao (少昊) 2597 BC – 2514 BC
Zhuanxu (顓頊) 2514 BC – 2436 BC
Kù (帝嚳) 2436 BC – 2366 BC
Yao (堯) 2358 BC – 2258 BC
Shun (舜) 2255 BC – 2195 BC
Xia Dynasty of China
Yu (禹) 2194 BC – 2149 BC
Qi (启) 2146 BC – 2117 BC
Tai Kang (太康) 2117 BC – 2088 BC
Zhong Kang (仲康) 2088 BC – 2075 BC
Xiang (相) 2075 BC – 2008 BC
Shao Kang (少康) 2007 BC – 1985 BC
Zhu (杼) 1985 BC – 1968 BC
Huai (槐) 1968 BC – 1924 BC
Máng (芒) 1924 BC – 1906 BC
Xie (泄) 1906 BC – 1890 BC
Bu Jiang (不降) 1890 BC – 1831 BC
Jiong (扃) 1831 BC – 1810 BC
Jin (廑) 1810 BC – 1789 BC
Kong Jia (孔甲) 1789 BC – 1758 BC
Gao (皋) 1758 BC – 1747 BC
Fa (后敬) 1747 BC – 1728 BC
Jie (桀) 1728 BC – 1675 BC
Links
http://www.threekingdoms.com/history.htm#2_3_2
Chinese mythology | Chinese emperors
No comments:
Post a Comment